Table of Contents
- Under 50: why are diagnoses increasing?
- Habits working against us
- Signs you should not ignore and screenings that save lives
- Small decisions, big difference
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Under 50: why are diagnoses increasing?
I'll tell you straight: more and more young adults are receiving diagnoses that we used to see mostly after age 60. Colorectal cancer leads this trend. It's not just a feeling. Global analyses have shown sustained increases in cases among 25 to 49-year-olds in dozens of countries. In some, rates reached up to 16 or 17 per 100,000 inhabitants in the last decade. At the same time, rates in older adults have plateaued or decreased. Curious and worrying.
As a nutritionist and psychologist, I see this every month in my practice. Young people with tight schedules, rushed meals, and zero time to move. Biology doesn’t negotiate. The gut pays the price.
Genetics explains little in this phenomenon. Approximately 3 out of 4 diagnoses in young people have no family history. Environment and habits push strongly. And yes, it hurts to say it because it hits our plate, the couch, and the soda glass 🍟🥤🛋️
Cases of cancer in young patients are increasing: what is happening? Habits working against us
The modern Western diet puts ultra-processed foods front and center. Lots of additives, sugars and refined flours, poor-quality fats, little fiber, and phytochemicals. This combination alters the microbiota, promotes low-grade inflammation, and weakens the gut’s defenses. In simple terms: we take away the colon’s shields.
A large follow-up study published in 2022 found that those who eat more ultra-processed foods increase their risk of colorectal cancer by almost 30%, even after adjusting for weight. And watch this: the risk also appears in thin and active people. Food quality matters more than your mirror tells you.
More pieces of the puzzle:
- Excess processed meat raises risk. Guidelines limit it to a few servings per week and prioritize legumes, fish, and poultry.
- Alcohol adds points to the risk score. The safest bet: none. If you drink, keep it little and not every day.
- Sedentary lifestyle and insulin resistance open the door to unwanted cell growth signals.
- Antibiotics in childhood, used for prolonged periods, can durably alter gut flora. Their impact is still being studied, but the clue is on the table.
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Emulsifiers and sweeteners affect microbiota in animal models. Increasing data show their role in inflammation.
As I often say in my talks: your microbiota is a garden. If you water it with fiber, colorful vegetables, and real food, it blooms. If you pour sodas, ultra-processed foods, and sleepless nights on it, it fills with weeds 🥦🌿
Food for thought. Incidence in young people grows up to 4% annually in some countries. And the global volume is impressive: more than 1.9 million new colorectal cancer cases in 2022. We cannot look the other way.
Signs you should not ignore and screenings that save lives
In young people, symptoms are often minimized. “Stress,” “hemorrhoids,” “something I ate.” That delay complicates things. If you notice any of these signs for more than two or three weeks, consult a doctor:
- Rectal bleeding or blood in stool
- Changes in bowel habits (new diarrhea or constipation)
- Persistent abdominal pain or cramps
- Iron-deficiency anemia, unexplained fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
Life-saving tools:
- Annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Easy, non-invasive
- Colonoscopy every 10 years if normal; earlier and more frequently if at risk
- CT colonography or sigmoidoscopy in specific scenarios
Many countries now recommend starting screening at 45. If you have family history, previous polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease, start earlier with a personalized plan. Sad statistic: less than 30% of the target population gets timely screening. We can do better.
I’ll share an anecdote that still moves me. M., 34 years old, programmer, ran 10 km on Sundays. Intermittent bleeding for nine months with “surely hemorrhoids.” I insisted during consultation: colonoscopy. Result: early tumor. Surgery, treatment, normal life today. He wrote me recently: “Thanks for insisting.” I replied: “Your future insisted” 🧡
Small decisions, big difference
You don’t need a monastic life. You need consistency. Here’s what I see works in patients and workshops.
- Rule of 3F: Fresh, Fiber, Fermentable. Fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts; and fermented foods like natural yogurt or kefir
- Goal of 30 g fiber daily. Simple path: 1 fruit + 1 large salad + 1 plate of legumes or whole grains every day
- Meat traffic light: green (fish, legumes), yellow (poultry), red (processed). Processed meats better rarely
- Ultra-processed foods out of routine. Use them as occasional “crutches,” not as diet base
- Sugar and sodas: cut by half now, then half of that half in a month. Your palate adapts
- Movement as habit: 150 to 300 minutes weekly + strength twice a week. Break sedentary time every 60 minutes. A couple of squats count 💪
- Alcohol: less is better. Alcohol-free days each week. Water and unsweetened coffee as default
- Sleep 7 to 8 hours. Chronic sleeplessness alters appetite hormones and inflammation. Your colon sleeps too
- Vitamin D and iron in check. Evaluate with your doctor if you have risk factors
- Screening plan in writing. Date, reminder, test name. If you schedule it, it happens 🗓️
Small “anti-inflammatory” menu for a busy day:
- Breakfast: natural yogurt with oats, berries, and nuts
- Lunch: bowl of chickpeas, quinoa, roasted vegetables, olive oil
- Snack: apple + fresh cheese or hummus with carrots
- Dinner: baked fish, pumpkin puree, green salad
And a psychological trick. Don’t forbid yourself everything. Shift the problem elsewhere. If you don’t buy the ultra-processed food, the couch won’t eat it for you. Whatever you choose, you choose for your “self” ten years from now.
I’ll close with quick questions for you:
- Are you 45 or older and haven’t had your first test or colonoscopy yet?
- Do you notice blood or changes in your bowel habits?
- Do you eat fiber every day?
- Did you move at least 30 minutes today?
- Which ultra-processed food can you replace this week with a real option?
If you answered “no” to any, you have an opportunity. Schedule your check-up, make your shopping list, walk 10 minutes now. Your colon loves simple repeated decisions. So do I because I see how stories change 😊
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